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History of RNA Clinical Research
1956
Single-stranded RNAs can hybridize to form a double-stranded molecule
1961
Discovery of messenger RNA
1962
Discovery of RNA replicase
1970
Discovery of reverse transcriptase
1977
Discovery of RNA splicing
1978
Inhibition of RSV using antisense oligo
1982
Discovery of catalytic RNA (ribozyme)
1990
In vivo injection of mRNA to produce protein in mice
1993
The first study to show the modulation of splicing by antisense RNA
1993
Injection of influenza mRNA to induce immune response in mice
1993
Discovery of microRNA
1995
The first mRNA vaccine designed for cancer treatment in mice
1998
The first antisense RNA drug approve
1998
Discovery of RNA interference
2002
The first use of RNAi to destruct HCV in mice
2004
The first RNA aptamer drug approved
2010
The first clinical trial based on RNAi
2013
The first clinical trial of mRNA vaccine for infectious disease
2018
The first siRNA drug approved
2020
Approvement of mRNA vaccine for emergency use (fully approved in 2021)
2021
FDA approval Caslmersen for DMD and Inclisiran for Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
2022
FDA approval Vutisiran for Amyloidosis, transthyretin-related hereditary
2023
FDA approval Nedosiran for Hyperoxaluria; Eplontersen for Transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis; Tofersen for Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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